Philosophy in Practice
<div> <div style="margin-top:1em;"><div style="margin-bottom:0.5em;"><b style="font-size:110%;">저자(글) Morton, Adam</b></div></div> <div style="margin-top:1em;"> <div style="margin-bottom:0.5em;"> <b style="font-size:110%;">목차</b> </div> <table><tr><td>Thanks</td><td>p. xi</td></tr><tr><td>Note to Teachers</td><td>p. xi</td></tr><tr><td>The Contract</td><td>p. xii</td></tr><tr><td>The Lure of Certainty</td><td>p. 1</td></tr><tr><td>Certainty and Doubt</td><td>p. 3</td></tr><tr><td>Patterns of Thought</td><td>p. 4</td></tr><tr><td>How Conventional Are Your Beliefs?</td><td>p. 7</td></tr><tr><td>Conviction, Opinion, Doubt, and Belief</td><td>p. 9</td></tr><tr><td>Trusting Textbooks</td><td>p. 11</td></tr><tr><td>Certainty: the Closed-belief Trap</td><td>p. 12</td></tr><tr><td>Cheat: a Story about Deception</td><td>p. 14</td></tr><tr><td>Tree-worshipers and Flat-earthers</td><td>p. 17</td></tr><tr><td>Revising History: 1984</td><td>p. 20</td></tr><tr><td>Doubt</td><td>p. 21</td></tr><tr><td>Doubting What Someone Says</td><td>p. 23</td></tr><tr><td>How Skeptical Are You?</td><td>p. 25</td></tr><tr><td>Moral Skepticism</td><td>p. 27</td></tr><tr><td>When is a Skeptic a Cynic?</td><td>p. 28</td></tr><tr><td>Socratic Skepticism</td><td>p. 30</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 33</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 33</td></tr><tr><td>Sources of Conviction</td><td>p. 35</td></tr><tr><td>Authority</td><td>p. 36</td></tr><tr><td>Faith</td><td>p. 39</td></tr><tr><td>Reason</td><td>p. 40</td></tr><tr><td>Arguments</td><td>p. 42</td></tr><tr><td>Eight Short Arguments</td><td>p. 45</td></tr><tr><td>Puzzling Arguments</td><td>p. 47</td></tr><tr><td>Arguments within Arguments</td><td>p. 48</td></tr><tr><td>Proofs of God</td><td>p. 49</td></tr><tr><td>Paradoxes</td><td>p. 54</td></tr><tr><td>What to Trust on the Internet</td><td>p. 55</td></tr><tr><td>Transforming the Question</td><td>p. 57</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 58</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 58</td></tr><tr><td>Rationalism</td><td>p. 59</td></tr><tr><td>Optimism about Reason</td><td>p. 60</td></tr><tr><td>Individualism</td><td>p. 61</td></tr><tr><td>Galileo's Rationalism</td><td>p. 63</td></tr><tr><td>Impossible Theories</td><td>p. 64</td></tr><tr><td>Descartes' Optimism: Certainty from Doubt</td><td>p. 66</td></tr><tr><td>Doubting Anything versus Doubting Everything</td><td>p. 70</td></tr><tr><td>Demon Possibilities, Paranoia, and Fantasy</td><td>p. 71</td></tr><tr><td>The Matrix</td><td>p. 74</td></tr><tr><td>How Doubt Can Increase Belief</td><td>p. 76</td></tr><tr><td>Skepticism and Religious Faith</td><td>p. 77</td></tr><tr><td>"I Think, Therefore I Am"</td><td>p. 80</td></tr><tr><td>Doubting Even One's Own Existence</td><td>p. 81</td></tr><tr><td>Degrees of Certainty</td><td>p. 84</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 86</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 86</td></tr><tr><td>Rationalism versus Relativism in Morals</td><td>p. 89</td></tr><tr><td>The Appeal of Moral Rationalism</td><td>p. 90</td></tr><tr><td>Four Golden Rules</td><td>p. 90</td></tr><tr><td>Equality and Justice</td><td>p. 92</td></tr><tr><td>Plato's Moral Rationalism</td><td>p. 96</td></tr><tr><td>Three Arguments from Plato's Republic</td><td>p. 98</td></tr><tr><td>Moral Relativism</td><td>p. 102</td></tr><tr><td>For and Against Moral Relativism</td><td>p. 104</td></tr><tr><td>The Ik</td><td>p. 109</td></tr><tr><td>Law and Morality</td><td>p. 110</td></tr><tr><td>Existentialism</td><td>p. 113</td></tr><tr><td>What Is Morality About?</td><td>p. 115</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 118</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 118</td></tr><tr><td>Induction and Deduction</td><td>p. 121</td></tr><tr><td>Simple Induction</td><td>p. 122</td></tr><tr><td>Applying Simple Induction</td><td>p. 123</td></tr><tr><td>Seeing Patterns in Nature</td><td>p. 126</td></tr><tr><td>Deduction 1: Syllogisms</td><td>p. 128</td></tr><tr><td>Deduction 2: Validity</td><td>p. 131</td></tr><tr><td>Deduction 3: Venn Diagrams and Counterexamples</td><td>p. 133</td></tr><tr><td>Induction versus Deduction</td><td>p. 136</td></tr><tr><td>The Induction-friendliness of the World</td><td>p. 138</td></tr><tr><td>Diagramming Induction-friendliness</td><td>p. 141</td></tr><tr><td>Hume's Discovery: Nightmare or Liberation?</td><td>p. 142</td></tr><tr><td>Causation and Induction</td><td>p. 144</td></tr><tr><td>Choosing the Right Concepts</td><td>p. 146</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 148</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 148</td></tr><tr><td>The Retreat from Certainty</td><td>p. 149</td></tr><tr><td>Feeble Reason?</td><td>p. 150</td></tr><tr><td>Hume on the Power(lessness) of Reason</td><td>p. 150</td></tr><tr><td>Four Famous Passages from Hume</td><td>p. 153</td></tr><tr><td>Four Kinds of Irrationality</td><td>p. 155</td></tr><tr><td>Degrees of Certainty</td><td>p. 158</td></tr><tr><td>Valuing Values</td><td>p. 158</td></tr><tr><td>How Tolerant Are You?</td><td>p. 160</td></tr><tr><td>Mill on Freedom of Expression</td><td>p. 163</td></tr><tr><td>Toleration in Science</td><td>p. 166</td></tr><tr><td>Making Uncertainty Pay</td><td>p. 167</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 168</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 169</td></tr><tr><td>Postcard History of Philosophy I</td><td>p. 170</td></tr><tr><td>Life in An Uncertain World</td><td>p. 171</td></tr><tr><td>Utilitarianism</td><td>p. 173</td></tr><tr><td>Naive Utilitarianism</td><td>p. 174</td></tr><tr><td>Choosing the Utilitarian Action</td><td>p. 175</td></tr><tr><td>Pleasure, Pain, and Consequences</td><td>p. 177</td></tr><tr><td>Hedonism</td><td>p. 178</td></tr><tr><td>Four Styles of Advice</td><td>p. 181</td></tr><tr><td>Bentham and Mill</td><td>p. 182</td></tr><tr><td>Quotations from Bentham and Mill</td><td>p. 184</td></tr><tr><td>Arguments for Utilitarianism</td><td>p. 186</td></tr><tr><td>Objecting to the Arguments</td><td>p. 188</td></tr><tr><td>Two Controversial Recommendations</td><td>p. 190</td></tr><tr><td>The Appeal of Utilitarianism</td><td>p. 191</td></tr><tr><td>Utilitarianism and Risk</td><td>p. 192</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 197</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 197</td></tr><tr><td>Kantian Ethics</td><td>p. 199</td></tr><tr><td>Means and Ends</td><td>p. 200</td></tr><tr><td>Motive, Rule, and Means</td><td>p. 202</td></tr><tr><td>Kant's Argument</td><td>p. 203</td></tr><tr><td>Evaluating Kant's Argument</td><td>p. 206</td></tr><tr><td>Consequentialism versus Deontology</td><td>p. 207</td></tr><tr><td>Diagnosing Disagreements</td><td>p. 208</td></tr><tr><td>When it Might Be Right to Lie and Break Promises</td><td>p. 209</td></tr><tr><td>Strong Deontology</td><td>p. 211</td></tr><tr><td>The Demands of Morality: the Case of Famine</td><td>p. 213</td></tr><tr><td>Morality in an Uncertain World</td><td>p. 214</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 215</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 216</td></tr><tr><td>Empiricism</td><td>p. 217</td></tr><tr><td>Are You an Empiricist?</td><td>p. 218</td></tr><tr><td>The Appeal of Empiricism</td><td>p. 221</td></tr><tr><td>Some Empiricist Views</td><td>p. 222</td></tr><tr><td>The Idea Idea</td><td>p. 224</td></tr><tr><td>Translation Exercises</td><td>p. 226</td></tr><tr><td>Locke's "Way of Ideas"</td><td>p. 227</td></tr><tr><td>Locke against Innate Ideas</td><td>p. 228</td></tr><tr><td>Concepts, Beliefs, and Sensations</td><td>p. 230</td></tr><tr><td>Ways of Defining Concepts</td><td>p. 233</td></tr><tr><td>Barriers to Concept Acquisition</td><td>p. 235</td></tr><tr><td>Empirical Evidence</td><td>p. 237</td></tr><tr><td>Adequate Evidence?</td><td>p. 240</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 243</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 243</td></tr><tr><td>Beyond Empiricism</td><td>p. 245</td></tr><tr><td>Risk of What?</td><td>p. 246</td></tr><tr><td>Accuracy versus Informativeness about Friendship</td><td>p. 247</td></tr><tr><td>Other Minds</td><td>p. 249</td></tr><tr><td>Testing the Argument from Analogy</td><td>p. 251</td></tr><tr><td>Folk Psychology: the Argument from Explanation</td><td>p. 253</td></tr><tr><td>Being Wrong about Yourself</td><td>p. 255</td></tr><tr><td>The Inference to the Best Explanation</td><td>p. 256</td></tr><tr><td>Explanation</td><td>p. 258</td></tr><tr><td>Justifying Astrology</td><td>p. 261</td></tr><tr><td>Inference to the Best Explanation versus Simple Induction</td><td>p. 262</td></tr><tr><td>Perception and Belief</td><td>p. 264</td></tr><tr><td>Falsification</td><td>p. 267</td></tr><tr><td>The Hypothetico-deductive Method</td><td>p. 271</td></tr><tr><td>A Test Case: Continental Drift</td><td>p. 274</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 277</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 277</td></tr><tr><td>Objectivity</td><td>p. 279</td></tr><tr><td>Escape from the Cave</td><td>p. 280</td></tr><tr><td>Background Beliefs: First Test Case--Probability</td><td>p. 282</td></tr><tr><td>Background Beliefs: Second Test Case--Moral Status</td><td>p. 286</td></tr><tr><td>Reflective Equilibrium</td><td>p. 290</td></tr><tr><td>How Ethics Is Like Science</td><td>p. 295</td></tr><tr><td>Fallibilism</td><td>p. 301</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 304</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 304</td></tr><tr><td>Postcard History of Philosophy II</td><td>p. 305</td></tr><tr><td>Reality</td><td>p. 307</td></tr><tr><td>Materialism and Dualism</td><td>p. 311</td></tr><tr><td>Materialism, Naturalism, Idealism</td><td>p. 312</td></tr><tr><td>Materialisms</td><td>p. 313</td></tr><tr><td>Are You a Materialist or an Idealist?</td><td>p. 315</td></tr><tr><td>Dualism</td><td>p. 316</td></tr><tr><td>Leibniz on the Unimaginability of Materialism</td><td>p. 321</td></tr><tr><td>Crude and Subtle Materialisms</td><td>p. 322</td></tr><tr><td>Lucretius on Mind and Body</td><td>p. 325</td></tr><tr><td>Antidepressants, Psychosomatic Medicine, and the Mind--Body Problem</td><td>p. 326</td></tr><tr><td>Materialism and Self-knowledge</td><td>p. 328</td></tr><tr><td>Technology versus Introspection</td><td>p. 330</td></tr><tr><td>Eliminative Materialism</td><td>p. 332</td></tr><tr><td>Five Typical Quotations</td><td>p. 334</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 335</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 335</td></tr><tr><td>Morality for Naturalists</td><td>p. 337</td></tr><tr><td>God and Morality</td><td>p. 338</td></tr><tr><td>The Moralist's Nightmare</td><td>p. 341</td></tr><tr><td>Hobbes on the State of Nature</td><td>p. 343</td></tr><tr><td>A Restaurant Dilemma</td><td>p. 346</td></tr><tr><td>The Prisoner's Dilemma</td><td>p. 348</td></tr><tr><td>Hobbes and the Prisoner's Dilemma</td><td>p. 350</td></tr><tr><td>Implicit Contract</td><td>p. 352</td></tr><tr><td>Imaginary Social Contracts</td><td>p. 355</td></tr><tr><td>Morals in Nature? Rousseau, Hegel, Marx</td><td>p. 356</td></tr><tr><td>Real States of Nature</td><td>p. 359</td></tr><tr><td>Moral Motivation: Decency, Villainy, and Hypocrisy</td><td>p. 361</td></tr><tr><td>Morals within Nature?</td><td>p. 362</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 365</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 365</td></tr><tr><td>Deep Illusions</td><td>p. 367</td></tr><tr><td>Primary and Secondary Qualities</td><td>p. 368</td></tr><tr><td>Hard Questions about Color</td><td>p. 370</td></tr><tr><td>Color as Illusory</td><td>p. 372</td></tr><tr><td>Free Will</td><td>p. 373</td></tr><tr><td>Freedom and Responsibility</td><td>p. 377</td></tr><tr><td>Freedom as a Secondary Quality</td><td>p. 379</td></tr><tr><td>Fatalism versus Determinism</td><td>p. 382</td></tr><tr><td>Identity through Time</td><td>p. 384</td></tr><tr><td>Personal Identity: Problem Cases</td><td>p. 387</td></tr><tr><td>Personal Identity: Theories</td><td>p. 389</td></tr><tr><td>The Meanings of Lives</td><td>p. 391</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 396</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 396</td></tr><tr><td>Realism</td><td>p. 399</td></tr><tr><td>Science versus the Everyday World</td><td>p. 400</td></tr><tr><td>Counting Objects</td><td>p. 401</td></tr><tr><td>Berkeley's Idealism</td><td>p. 404</td></tr><tr><td>A Puzzle about Pain: the Locations of Qualities</td><td>p. 408</td></tr><tr><td>Apples, Surprises, Scopes, and Existence</td><td>p. 409</td></tr><tr><td>Verificationism</td><td>p. 412</td></tr><tr><td>Instrumentalism versus Realism</td><td>p. 415</td></tr><tr><td>First Case Study: Crystal Spheres</td><td>p. 419</td></tr><tr><td>Second Case Study: Phlogiston</td><td>p. 421</td></tr><tr><td>Arguments for Realism and Instrumentalism</td><td>p. 423</td></tr><tr><td>The Last Word</td><td>p. 426</td></tr><tr><td>Conclusions</td><td>p. 427</td></tr><tr><td>Further Reading</td><td>p. 427</td></tr><tr><td>Postcard History of Philosophy III</td><td>p. 429</td></tr><tr><td>Definitions</td><td>p. 430</td></tr><tr><td>Index</td><td>p. 437</td></tr><tr><td>Table of Contents provided by Ingram. 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